The price of olive oil remains consistently high, prompting Brazilian consumers to seek more affordable alternatives. One such option is peanut oil, extracted from the Arachis hypogaea plant, a legume native to South America and widely popular in bars, stadiums, and restaurants worldwide. Peanut consumption is deeply ingrained in Brazilian culture, with a bill even proposed to designate September 13th as National Peanut Day (PL 4475/2023).
São Paulo Dominance in Production and Chinese Import Dependency
Brazil annually produces 747 thousand tons of peanuts, with approximately 90% originating from São Paulo, notably in cities like Tupã (13.6%), Marília (12.7%), and Jaboticabal (12.2%). From this yield, 87 thousand tons of oil are extracted, with 60% of it earmarked for export, primarily to China. The strong commercial ties between Brazil and China can be attributed to historical factors, as explained by Professor Simão Davi Silber from USP's Faculty of Economics, Administration, Accounting, and Actuarial Science.
China's heavy reliance on imports stems from its scarcity of natural resources, coupled with geographical challenges such as deserts and high altitudes. Conversely, Brazil's success in agricultural production, including peanuts, can be attributed to state initiatives and market expansion strategies, transforming it into a major global commodity exporter.
Nutritional Value and Health Benefits
Beyond its economic significance, peanut oil offers nutritional benefits, aiding in maintaining bodily balance. According to Juliana Gimenez Casagrande, a nutritionist and doctor in Food Science, peanuts' popularity aligns positively with their nutritional value. Rich in vitamin E and antioxidants like resveratrol, peanuts contribute to cellular rejuvenation and detoxification, potentially warding off diseases like Alzheimer's.
Polyunsaturated fats, particularly Omega 6, found in peanuts, offer numerous physiological and metabolic advantages, including immune system support and cardiovascular health. With a high smoke point of 232 ºC, peanut oil is ideal for frying, as it minimizes the formation of harmful toxins like acrolein. However, given its high fat content, moderation is crucial to avoid excessive caloric intake and associated health risks.
Promoting Dietary Variety and Balance
Incorporating a variety of oilseeds, including peanuts, into one's diet can contribute to overall nutritional balance. By diversifying fat sources and incorporating nuts and seeds, individuals can ensure a well-rounded and healthy dietary pattern. Striving for moderation and variety remains the cornerstone of optimal nutrition and wellness.
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